There are international and domestic requirements that mandate laboratory testing to validate safety of cosmetic products from growth of micro-organisms. This means that some preservatives (“anti-microbials”) must be used since there is no completely effective natural preservative at present. Some of the botanical ingredients in iS Clinical products potentiate these antimicrobial effects but are insufficient alone. Parabens are not included in iS Clinical products. The industry continues to research natural preservative systems.