If you add the percentages listed for “key ingredients” in our products, they will not add up to 100%. We use an extensive compendium of active ingredients in almost every product, so the full list of ingredients is not given under “key ingredients.” However, the full ingredient list is given on the package without percentages. The percentages cannot be evaluated except on a research level which is part of our technical research when developing a product. At iS Clinical, we research the scientific data on every ingredient we use and we choose the percentage at which the active performs best. This is usually in the range of 1-2% because most pure ingredients perform best at lower percentages. There are occasional product-specific exceptions, such as the 40% of hyaluronic acid in Poly-Vitamin Serum. For serums, water (aqua) composes a significant ingredient percentage.